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Rev. salud pública ; 10(2): 215-226, mar.-mayo 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-497361

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Determinar incidencia, clasificación, evitabilidad e impacto de los Eventos Adversos (EA) para establecer su importancia como problema en algunos hospitales en Colombia. Metodología Cohorte prospectiva de pacientes hospitalizados al menos 12 horas en 3 instituciones generales en Colombia. Se excluyeron pacientes psiquiátricos, presencia del EA antes del ingreso a la hospitalización índice. Con una diferencia estimada del 1 por ciento (complejidad alta y media), significancia: 0,05 por ciento, poder: 80 por ciento relación 2:1 se requerían mínimo 6 557 pacientes. Fuente de información: historia clínica Fase I: traducción y adaptación de formularios. Fase II: vigilancia activa de eventos de tamización. Fase III: evaluación de la asociación del EA con el cuidado proveído, por un comité de especialistas, Variables: edad, género y tipo de afiliación al sistema de seguridad social, incidencia acumulada de EA, temporalidad, evitabilidad y discapacidad resultante naturaleza del EA. Resultados Fueron evaluados 6 688 sujetos durante el periodo de vigilancia. Se detectaron 505 pacientes con eventos de tamización positivos (7,9 por ciento IC95 por ciento 7,3-8,6). Un total de 310 sujetos presentaron al menos un evento adverso; Incidencia acumulada: (4,6 por ciento IC95 por ciento 4,1-5,1) durante la hospitalización. De estos se consideró evitable el evento adverso en 189 sujetos (61 por ciento, IC95 por ciento 55-66). Ocurrió discapacidad permanente en 1,3 por ciento. La mortalidad asociada al evento adverso fue de 6,4 por ciento (20/310). Se incrementó la hospitalización como consecuencia del EA un total de 1 072 días. Conclusiones La incidencia de eventos adversos evitables fue relevante en los tres hospitales de Colombia.


Objective Determining adverse event (AE) incidence, preventability, classification and impact for establishing their importance as a public health problem within the Colombian Social Security System. Methodology This was a study of a prospective inpatient cohort from three Colombian general-practice institutions. Inclusion criteria: at least 12 hours' length of hospital stay during 2006. Exclusion criteria: suffering psychiatric disorders and AE which had occurred before hospitalisation indexing. The sample consisted of 6 557 patients. Source of information: clinical charts. Being a three-phase design, the first phase consisted of translating and standardising screening and causation formats, phase II of actively monitoring screening criteria and phase III of evaluating causation regarding the care being provided, based on specialist committee concept on a 0-6 scale. The variables measured were age, gender, social security affiliation, cumulative AE incidence, temporality, preventability of AE and disability resulting from them. Results 6 688 patients were evaluated; 505 of them fulfilled positive screening criteria (95 percent CI=7,9;7,3-8,6), 310 presented at least one AE during their hospitalisation (95 percentCI for accumulated incidence=4,6; 4,1-5,1). AE were considered to have been preventable in 189 cases (95 percent CI=61;55-66) and permanent disability occurred in 1,3 percent of them. AE-associated mortality was 6,4 percent (20/310). Hospitalisation became increased to 1 072 days as a direct consequence of AE. Conclusions This study revealed an important incidence of AE in three Colombian hospitals, these being mainly preventable. Their ongoing monitoring as a part of risk management systems could reduce costs and AE-associated morbidity and mortality.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Health Services/standards , Medical Errors/prevention & control , Risk Management , Safety Management , Cohort Studies , Colombia , Hospitals, University , Length of Stay , Prospective Studies , Sampling Studies , Social Security , Time Factors
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